Recurrent urinary-tract infection. Chronic illnesses that result in recurrent pulmonary infections include cystic fibrosis, primary ciliary dyskinesia, or α1-antitrypsin deficiency. By continuing to use our site, or clicking "Continue," you are agreeing to our, 2020 American Medical Association. CHRONIC AND RECURRENT RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONS IN ADULTS: DISEASE BURDEN. • If you have year-round allergies to dust mites, pollen and mold, you may have some damage to your mucus membranes which can increase your chances of infection. Shingles is most common in older adults and people with weakened immune systems. The way a person becomes infected will often determine the kind of infection they get. Recurrent UTI can also run in families due to inherited genetic variations in the innate immune system – a maternal history of UTI increases the likelihood of a daughter developing recurrent infections. In these patients, metronidazole resistance should be confirmed, and they will respond frequently to a prolonged course of metronidazole (2–4 g daily for 10–14 days). A particular side effect of interferon is the occurrence of rejection due to rearming of the immune system.51,52 Because corticosteroids permit viral replication, avoiding excessive immunosuppression is critical in patients transplanted for chronic hepatitis C. On the other hand, these patients have an increased risk of chronic rejection due to the generally lower levels of immunosuppression and the potential of interferon and HCV to trigger episodes of recurrent rejection. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is infection of any part of the urinary tract, usually by bacteria. All Rights Reserved. Recurring thrush is not uncommon. The way a person becomes infected will often determine the kind of infection they get. Risk factors for repeated infections may include: 1. Common characteristics in children with primary immunodeficiency disorders are shown in Box 103-3. Varicella-zoster infections. Genetic factors – a specific, genetically predetermined, poor response to a urine infection has been identified in some women. Another infection, strep throat, is also a "social disease" that children and adults catch because they are in close contact with infected individuals. Respiratory infections are infections that happen in the lungs, chest, sinuses, nose and throat. Email address. As a general rule, urologists only become involved if further investigations are required, or if other causes have been identified. In children, recurrent tonsillitis is most commonly caused by group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus pyogenes (GABHS) infections, also known as strep throat, while other bacteria are more likely to be the cause of adult recurrent tonsillitis. Unfortunately, many adults are already probably infected with something they aren’t aware of, and the amount of different pathogens surrounding us means that it may be impossible to avoid infections entirely. We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. Recurrent infections are infections that are too great in number, too severe, or too long lasting. Recurrent sinus infections can occur due to anatomic defects of the sinuses (polyps, stenotic os). Efficacy of five years of continuous, low-dose trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole prophylaxis for urinary tract infection. A retrovirus is a virus that is composed mostly of RNA rather than DNA. Recurrent pneumonia may result from congenital malformations (trachea-esophageal fistulas, cystic adenomatoid malformation, or sequestration), from aspiration of a foreign body (peanut, small toys) or chronic aspiration (gastroesophageal reflux or swallowing disorders), and from bronchopulmonary dysplasia. 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